Available from Reaxense
This protein is integrated into the Receptor.AI ecosystem as a prospective target with high therapeutic potential. We performed a comprehensive characterization of RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase NSUN2 including:
1. LLM-powered literature research
Our custom-tailored LLM extracted and formalized all relevant information about the protein from a large set of structured and unstructured data sources and stored it in the form of a Knowledge Graph. This comprehensive analysis allowed us to gain insight into RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase NSUN2 therapeutic significance, existing small molecule ligands, relevant off-targets, and protein-protein interactions.
Fig. 1. Preliminary target research workflow
2. AI-Driven Conformational Ensemble Generation
Starting from the initial protein structure, we employed advanced AI algorithms to predict alternative functional states of RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase NSUN2, including large-scale conformational changes along "soft" collective coordinates. Through molecular simulations with AI-enhanced sampling and trajectory clustering, we explored the broad conformational space of the protein and identified its representative structures. Utilizing diffusion-based AI models and active learning AutoML, we generated a statistically robust ensemble of equilibrium protein conformations that capture the receptor's full dynamic behavior, providing a robust foundation for accurate structure-based drug design.
Fig. 2. AI-powered molecular dynamics simulations workflow
3. Binding pockets identification and characterization
We employed the AI-based pocket prediction module to discover orthosteric, allosteric, hidden, and cryptic binding pockets on the protein’s surface. Our technique integrates the LLM-driven literature search and structure-aware ensemble-based pocket detection algorithm that utilizes previously established protein dynamics. Tentative pockets are then subject to AI scoring and ranking with simultaneous detection of false positives. In the final step, the AI model assesses the druggability of each pocket enabling a comprehensive selection of the most promising pockets for further targeting.
Fig. 3. AI-based binding pocket detection workflow
4. AI-Powered Virtual Screening
Our ecosystem is equipped to perform AI-driven virtual screening on RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase NSUN2. With access to a vast chemical space and cutting-edge AI docking algorithms, we can rapidly and reliably predict the most promising, novel, diverse, potent, and safe small molecule ligands of RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase NSUN2. This approach allows us to achieve an excellent hit rate and to identify compounds ready for advanced lead discovery and optimization.
Fig. 4. The screening workflow of Receptor.AI
Receptor.AI, in partnership with Reaxense, developed a next-generation technology for on-demand focused library design to enable extensive target exploration.
The focused library for RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase NSUN2 includes a list of the most effective modulators, each annotated with 38 ADME-Tox and 32 physicochemical and drug-likeness parameters. Furthermore, each compound is shown with its optimal docking poses, affinity scores, and activity scores, offering a detailed summary.
RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase NSUN2
partner:
Reaxense
upacc:
Q08J23
UPID:
NSUN2_HUMAN
Alternative names:
Myc-induced SUN domain-containing protein; NOL1/NOP2/Sun domain family member 2; Substrate of AIM1/Aurora kinase B; mRNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase; tRNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase; tRNA methyltransferase 4 homolog
Alternative UPACC:
Q08J23; A8K529; B2RNR4; B3KP09; B4DQW2; G3V1R4; Q9BVN4; Q9H858; Q9NXD9
Background:
RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase NSUN2, also known as Myc-induced SUN domain-containing protein and tRNA methyltransferase 4 homolog, plays a pivotal role in RNA modification. It specifically methylates cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in various RNAs, including tRNAs, mRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, facilitating processes such as epidermal stem cell differentiation, testis differentiation, and early developmental transitions. This methylation enhances RNA stability, prevents mRNA decay, and is crucial for the generation of RNA fragments derived from tRNAs.
Therapeutic significance:
NSUN2's involvement in Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 5, underscores its potential as a therapeutic target. Understanding the role of RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase NSUN2 could open doors to potential therapeutic strategies, offering hope for interventions in genetic disorders linked to RNA methylation.